Vol. 2, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Education policy reforms play a pivotal role in shaping the quality, inclusivity, and future-readiness of learning systems worldwide. In India, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a landmark shift, introducing structural changes such as the 5+3+3+4 model, competency-driven curricula, multilingual education, and an emphasis on holistic, skill-based learning. This article critically examines NEP 2020 as a case of policy innovation while situating it within the broader context of global educational governance. Across nations, there is a discernible movement from content-heavy, rote-based instruction toward competency-based models that prioritize critical thinking, creativity, and lifelong learning. Simultaneously, governance structures ranging from decentralization of school boards to public-private partnerships play an instrumental role in translating policy into practice. Furthermore, global benchmarks such as PISA and TIMSS continue to influence national policy decisions, often shaping curriculum priorities and assessment frameworks. The analysis highlights that while NEP 2020 provides a visionary framework, its implementation faces challenges including inadequate funding, teacher preparedness, digital divides, and governance disparities. Drawing on international comparisons, this study underscores the need for balanced reforms that integrate competency-based learning, equitable governance, and cautious use of global benchmarks. The article concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen NEP 2020’s transformative potential and ensure sustainable, inclusive educational outcomes.